The Matteucci Medal is established to reward relevant contributions to the progress of science by means of works or discoveries by Italian and foreign researchers. With the Royal Decree of July 8th, 1870, the Italian Society of Sciences was formally authorized to receive the donation by Senator Professor Carlo Matteucci for the establishment of the prize.
| HELMHOLTZ Hermann | 1868 Berlin |
| RÉGNAULT Victor | 1875 Paris |
| KELVIN Thomson William | 1876 Glasgow |
| KIRCHHOFF Gustav | 1877 Berlin |
| WIEDEMANN Gustav | 1878 Leipzig |
| WEBER Wilhelm | 1879 Göttingen |
| PACINOTTI Antonio | 1880 Pisa |
| VILLARI Emilio | 1881 Bologna |
| RIGHI Augusto | 1882 Padova |
| EDISON Thomas A. | 1887 Milan, OH |
| HERTZ Heinrich Rudolph | 1888 Karlsruhe |
| RAYLEIGH John William Strutt | 1894 London |
| ROWLAND Henry August | 1895 Baltimore, MD |
| RÖNTGEN Konrad e LENARD Philipp | 1896 Würzburg and Heidelberg |
| MARCONI Guglielmo | 1901 Bologna |
| MICHELSON Albert Abraham | 1903 Chicago, IL |
| CURIE SKLODOWSKA Marie e CURIE Pierre | 1904 Paris |
| POINCARÉ Henry | 1905 Paris |
| DEWAR James | 1906 London |
| RAMSAY William | 1907 London |
| GARBASSO Antonio | 1908 Genova |
| CORBINO Orso Mario | 1909 Messina |
| KAMERLINGH ONNES H. | 1910 Leiden |
| PERRIN Jean | 1911 Paris |
| ZEEMAN Pieter | 1912 Amsterdam |
| RUTHERFORD Ernest | 1913 Manchester |
| von LAUE Max | 1914 Zürich |
| STARK Johannes | 1915 Aacken |
| BRAGG William Henry e BRAGG W. Lawrence | 1915 London |
| LO SURDO Antonino | 1917 Firenze |
| WOOD Robert W. | 1918 Baltimore, MD |
| MOSELEY Henry Gwyn-Jeffrys | 1919 Oxford |
| EINSTEIN Albert | 1921 Bern |
| BOHR Niels | 1923 Köbenhavn |
| SOMMERFELD Arnold | 1924 München |
| MILLIKAN Robert Andrew | 1925 Chicago, IL |
| FERMI Enrico | 1926 Roma |
| SCHRÖDINGER Erwin | 1927 Clontarf, Dublin |
| RAMAN CHANDRASEKHARA Venkata | 1928 Calcutta |
| HEISENBERG Werner | 1929 Leipzig |
| COMPTON H. Arthur | 1930 Chicago, IL |
| RASETTI Franco | 1931 Roma |
| JOLIOT Frédéric e JOLIOT-CURIE Irène | 1932 Paris |
| PAULI Wolfgang | 1956 Zürich |
| TOUSCHEK Bruno | 1975 Roma |
| SALAM Abdus | 1978 Trieste e London |
| MAIANI Luciano | 1979 Roma |
| WICK Giancarlo | 1980 Pisa |
| PEJERLS Rudolf | 1982 Oxford |
| CASIMIR Hendrik B. G. | 1985 Heeze |
| DE GENNES Pierre G. | 1987 Paris |
| OKUN Lev B. | 1988 Mosca |
| DYSON Freeman | 1989 Princeton, NJ |
| STEINBERGER Jack | 1990 Genève |
| ROSSI Bruno | 1991 Cambridge, MA |
| ABRAGAM Anatole | 1992 Paris |
| WHEELER John Archibald | 1993 Heightstoun,NJ |
| COHEN-TANNOUDJI Claude | 1994 Paris |
| LEE Tsung Dao | 1995 New York, NY |
| PANOFSKY Wolfgang K.H. | 1996 Stanford, CA |
| PICCIONI Oreste | 1998 San Diego, CA |
| HAENSCH Theodor | 2001 München |
| CABIBBO Nicola | 2002 Roma |
| CARDONA Manuel | 2003 Barcelona |
| RUELLE David | 2004 Bures-Sur-Yvette |
| ILIOPOULOS John | 2005 Paris |
| BELLETTINI Giorgio | 2006 Pisa |
| GIAZOTTO Adalberto | 2016 Pisa |
| TAVANI Marco | 2017 Roma |
| FOGLI Gianluigi | 2018 Bari |
| CAPASSO Federico | 2019 Cambridge, MA |
| INGUSCIO Massimo | 2020 Roma |